Our Publications


Published Papers


Staged Surgically Created Type B Aortic Dissection Model with Endovascular Re-intervention for Different Morphological Features. (Journal article)

Guo, B., Akhtar, R., Liu, H., Yan, C., Guo, D., Patterson, B., & Fu, W. (2023). Staged Surgically Created Type B Aortic Dissection Model with Endovascular Re-intervention for Different Morphological Features.. Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, ivad133.

doi:10.1093/icvts/ivad133


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Arterial stiffness and atrial fibrillation: shared mechanisms, clinical implications and therapeutic options

Vio, R., Giordani, A. S., Stefil, M., Madine, J., Fairbairn, T., Themistoclakis, S., . . . Proietti, R. (2022). Arterial stiffness and atrial fibrillation: shared mechanisms, clinical implications and therapeutic options.. Journal of hypertension, 40(9), 1639-1646.

doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000003223


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Is There Enough Evidence to Support the Role of Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection?—A Systematic Review

Rai, P., Robinson, L., Davies, H. A., Akhtar, R., Field, M., & Madine, J. (2022). Is There Enough Evidence to Support the Role of Glycosaminoglycans and Proteoglycans in Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Dissection?—A Systematic Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(16), 9200.

doi:10.3390/ijms23169200


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Microcalcification and Thoracic Aortopathy: A Window Into Disease Severity

Fletcher, A. J., Nash, J., Syed, M. B. J., Macaskill, M. G., Tavares, A. A. S., Walker, N., . . . Sellers, S. L. (2022). Microcalcification and Thoracic Aortopathy: A Window Into Disease Severity. ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY, 42(8), 1048-1059.

doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.122.317111


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Thoracic aortic aneurysms and atrial fibrillation: commonality in pathophysiological pathways

Proietti, R., Lip, G. Y. H., Akhtar, R., & Field, M. (2022). Thoracic aortic aneurysms and atrial fibrillation: commonality in pathophysiological pathways. CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH, 118(4), E32-E35.

doi:10.1093/cvr/cvac016


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Micromechanical and Ultrastructural Properties of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Hossack, M., Fisher, R., Torella, F., Madine, J., Field, M., & Akhtar, R. (2022). Micromechanical and Ultrastructural Properties of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms. Artery Research.

doi:10.1007/s44200-022-00011-3


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Time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the aortic chronic dissection flap

Panpho, P., Yang, Y., Davies, H. A., Nawaytou, O., Harky, A., Torella, F., . . . Akhtar, R. (2022). Time-dependent mechanical behaviour of the aortic chronic dissection flap.. Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery.

doi:10.1093/icvts/ivac029


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Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (intelligent knife) for point-of-care testing in acute aortic dissection surgery

Davies, H. A., Caamano-Gutierrez, E., Sarsby, J., Chim, Y. H., Barrett, S., Nawaytou, O., . . . Madine, J. (2022). Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (intelligent knife) for point-of-care testing in acute aortic dissection surgery. Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery.

doi:10.1093/icvts/ivac019


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Exploring the potential of rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (Intelligent Knife) for point-of-care testing in aortic surgery

Davies, H. A., Caamano-Gutierrez, E., Sarsby, J., Nawaytou, O., Harky, A., Akhtar, R., . . . Madine, J. (n.d.). Exploring the potential of rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (Intelligent Knife) for point-of-care testing in aortic surgery. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery.

doi:10.1093/ejcts/ezab166


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Bicuspid valve aortopathy is associated with distinct patterns of matrix degradation

Chim, Y. H., Davies, H., Mason, D., Nawaytou, O., Field, M., Madine, J., & Akhtar, R. (2019). Bicuspid valve aortopathy is associated with distinct patterns of matrix degradation. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, 160(6), E239-E257.

doi:10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.08.094


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Idiopathic degenerative thoracic aneurysms are associated with increased aortic medial amyloid

Davies, H. A., Caamano-Gutierrez, E., Chim, Y. H., Field, M., Nawaytou, O., Ressel, L., . . . Madine, J. (n.d.). Idiopathic degenerative thoracic aneurysms are associated with increased aortic medial amyloid. Amyloid: international journal of experimental and clinical investigation, 26(3), 148-155.

doi:10.1080/13506129.2019.1625323


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Macro- and Micro-mechanical Properties of the Ovine Aorta: Correlation with Regional Variations in Collagen, Elastin and Glycosaminoglycan Levels

Panpho, P., Brendan, G., Chim, Y. H., Davies, H., Field, M., Madine, J., & Akhtar, R. (2019). Macro- and Micro-mechanical Properties of the Ovine Aorta: Correlation with Regional Variations in Collagen, Elastin and Glycosominoglycan Levels. Artery Research, 25(1-2), 27-36.

doi:10.2991/artres.k.191114.003


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Quality of Reporting in Human Aortic Tissue Research – A Systematic Review

Chim, Y. -H., Caamaño-Gutiérrez, E., Birla, R., Madine, J., Field, M., Akhtar, R., & Davies, H. A. (2019). Quality of Reporting in Human Aortic Tissue Research – A Systematic Review. Artery Research.

doi:10.2991/artres.k.191106.003


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Thoracic aortic aneurysm and atrial fibrillation: clinical associations with the risk of stroke from a global federated health network analysis (Journal article)

Proietti, R., Rivera-Caravaca, J. M., Harrison, S. L., Buckley, B. J. R., Lopez-Galvez, R., Marin, F., . . . Lip, G. Y. H. (2023). Thoracic aortic aneurysm and atrial fibrillation: clinical associations with the risk of stroke from a global federated health network analysis. INTERNAL AND EMERGENCY MEDICINE.

doi:10.1007/s11739-022-03184-6


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Papers By:

Dr. Riaz Akhtar papers

Graduated from UMIST in 2003 with a First Class MEng (Hons) in Biomedical Materials Science with Industrial Experience. In 2007, he completed a PhD at The University of Manchester in ‘The micromechanical behaviour of bone’. Following this, he undertook a post-doctoral position investigating the micromechanical properties of soft tissue. In July 2008, Riaz was awarded a British Heart Foundation Advanced Training fellowship where he focussed on arterial stiffening and diabetes. He joined the University of Liverpool in October 2011 as a lecturer in Biomedical Engineering. He currently holds a RAEng/Leverhulme Senior Research Fellowship investigating aortic diseases with novel approaches

Nanomechanics and ultrastructure of the internal mammary artery adventitia in patients with low and high pulse wave velocity.

Chang, Z., Paoletti, P., Barrett, S. D., Chim, Y. H., Caamaño-Gutiérrez, E., Hansen, M. L., Beck, H.C., Rasmussen, L.M, Akhtar, R. (2018).

Acta biomaterialia. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2018.04.036


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Implication of Free Fatty Acids in Thrombin Generation and Fibrinolysis in Vascular Inflammation in Zucker Rats and Evolution with Aging.

Lagrange, J., Didelot, M., Mohamadi, A., Walton, L. A., Bloemen, S., de laat, B., . . . Regnault, V. (2017).

FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY, 8. doi:10.3389/fphys.2017.00949


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A pilot study of scanning acoustic microscopy as a tool for measuring arterial stiffness in aortic biopsies.

Akhtar, R., Cruickshank, J. K., Zhao, X., Derby, B., & Weber, T. (2016).

ARTERY RESEARCH, 13, 1-5. doi:10.1016/j.artres.2015.11.001


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Frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy localises viscoelastic remodelling in the ageing sheep aorta.

Akhtar, R., Graham, H. K., Derby, B., Sherratt, M. J., Trafford, A. W., Chadwick, R. S., & Gavara, N. (2016).

JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS, 64, 10-17. doi:10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.07.018


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In vitro characterisation of arterial stiffening: From the macro- to the nano-scale.

Akhtar, R. (2014).

Artery Research, 8(1), 1-8. doi:10.1016/j.artres.2014.01.002


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Localized micro- and nano-scale remodelling in the diabetic aorta.

Akhtar, R., Cruickshank, J. K., Zhao, X., Walton, L. A., Gardiner, N. J., Barrett, S. D., Sherratt, M. J. (2014).

ACTA BIOMATERIALIA, 10(11), 4843-4851. doi:10.1016/j.actbio.2014.07.001


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Cardiotrophin 1 Is Involved in Cardiac, Vascular, and Renal Fibrosis and Dysfunction.

Lopez-Andres, N., Rousseau, A., Akhtar, R., Calvier, L., Inigo, C., Labat, C., . . . Rossignol, P. (2012).

HYPERTENSION, 60(2), 563-+. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.194407


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Characterizing the elastic properties of tissues.

Akhtar, R., Sherratt, M. J., Cruickshank, J. K., & Derby, B. (2011).

MATERIALS TODAY, 14(3), 96-105. doi:10.1016/S1369-7021(11)70059-1


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Localised micro-mechanical stiffening in the ageing aorta.

Graham, H. K., Akhtar, R., Kridiotis, C., Derby, B., Kundu, T., Trafford, A. W., & Sherratt, M. J. (2011).

MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT, 132(10), 459-467. doi:10.1016/j.mad.2011.07.003


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Papers By:

DR. Jill Madine

Graduated with BSc in Biochemistry from UMIST in 2002, and completed a PhD in Structural Biology at University of Manchester in 2006.Jill has been researching the role of amyloid protein aggregation in neurodegenerative diseases for 15 years, which has been largely funded by Alzheimer’s Research UK through a PhD studentship and Fellowship. Currently, Jill is a Research and Tenure-Track Fellow funded by British Heart Foundation investigating the role of amyloid proteins in cardiovascular disease. Her research group at the University of Liverpool has a wide interest in amyloid protein diseases and elucidating the factors that contribute to the pathogenicity associated with these diseases.


Insights into the Origin of Distinct Medin Fibril Morphologies Induced by Incubation Conditions and Seeding.

Davies, H. A., Lee, C. F., Miller, L., Liu, L. -N., & Madine, J. (2018). doi:10.3390/ijms19051357

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES, 19(5).



Oxidative Stress Alters the Morphology and Toxicity of Aortic Medial Amyloid

Davies, H. A., Phelan, M. M., Wilkinson, M. C., Migrino, R. Q., Truran, S., Franco, D. A., . . . Madine, J. (2015).

BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL, 109(11), 2363-2370. doi:10.1016/j.bpj.2015.10.034



Comparisons with Amyloid-beta Reveal an Aspartate Residue That Stabilizes Fibrils of the Aortic Amyloid Peptide Medin.

Davies, H. A., Madine, J., & Middleton, D. A. (2015)

JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 290(12), 7791-7803. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.602177


Human cerebral collateral arteriole function in normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment and dementia subjects.

Madine, J., & Davies, H. (2018).

American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00206.2018


Probing Medin Monomer Structure and its Amyloid Nucleation Using C-13-Direct Detection NMR in Combination with Structural Bioinformatics.

Davies, H. A., Rigden, D. J., Phelan, M. M., & Madine, J. (2017).

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS, 7. doi:10.1038/srep45224


Amyloidogenic medin induces endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation through the receptor for advanced glycation endproducts.

Migrino, R. Q., Davies, H. A., Truran, S., Karamanova, N., Franco, D. A., Beach, T. G., . . . Madine, J. (2017).

CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH, 113(11), 1389-1402. doi:10.1093/cvr/cvx135


JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM, 36(2), 405-412. doi:10.1177/0271678X15610134

Nanoliposomes protect against human arteriole endothelial dysfunction induced by beta-amyloid peptide.

ruran, S., Weissig, V., Madine, J., Davies, H. A., Guzman-Villanueva, D., Franco, D. A., . . . Migrino, R. Q. (2016).


Papers By:

MR. Mark Field

Mr Field started higher education at the University of Leeds in 1986 with a BSc Hon in Biochemistry and Pharmacology. He then completed a DPhil in Biochemistry at the University of Oxford in 1993. Following this training in research methods, he moved to the University of Nottingham to complete medical training (1993-1998), being awarded a BMed Sci (First class) and BMBS. Post graduate surgical training took place within the Trent Surgical Rotation when he completed his MRCS. Cardiac Surgery training took place in Nottingham, Sheffield and Liverpool and finished in 2009. He was appointed a consultant at Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital in 2009.


Genet Med. 2018 Mar 15. doi: 10.1038/gim.2018.27


Repair of Type A dissection-benefits of dissection rota.

Bashir M, Shaw M, Field M, Kuduvalli M, Harrington D, Fok M, Oo A.
Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2016; 5(3):209-215.

Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2016; (5(3): 156-173.

Hemiarch versus total aortic arch replacement in acute type A dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Poon SS, Theologou T, Harrington D, Kuduvalli M, Oo A, Field M.

Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2016; 23(3):462-8.

Is moderate circulatory arrest with selective anterograde cerebral perfusion superior to deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in elective aortic arch surgery.

Poon SS, Estrera A, Oo A, Field M., Murphy GJ, Pike K, Rogers CA, Wordsworth S, Stokes EA, Angelini GD, Reeves BC, TITRe2 Investigators. NEJM 2015; 372(11).

Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surgery 2015; 21(4):515-520.

Is axillary superior to femoral artery cannulation for acute type A aortic dissection surgery?

Patris V, Toufektzian L, Field M, Argiriou M.

Int Cardiov Thor Surg 2015, 20(3): 429-435.

Balloon aortic valvuloplasty as a bridge to aortic valve surgery for severe aortic stenosis.

Nwaejike N, Mills K, Stable R, Field M.

Ann R Coll Surg Eng 2014; 96(7):e6-7.

An apical left ventricular aneurysm rupture presenting as a left brest mass 11 years after surgical repair.


Ann Cardiothorac Surg 2014; 3(4): 385-92.

Long term outcomes in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair for chronic type B dissection.

Bashir M, Shaw M, Fok M, Harrington D, Field M, Kuduvalli M, Oo A.

Heart 2014; 100(12): 897-9.

Defining best practice for thoracic aortic disease.

Murphy GJ, Field M, Oo A.

Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014; 18(6): 748-56.

Setting up a service for measuring motor evoked potential in thoracoabdominal aortic surgery.

Jafazadeh F, Field M, Bashir M, Yan T, Harrington D, Kuduvalli M, Oo A, Desmond M.

Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 18 (1) 21-6, 2014.

Novel application of acetazolamide to reduce cerebrospinal fluid production in patients undergoing thoracoabdominal aortic surgery.

Jafazadeh F, Field M, Harrington D, Kuduvalli M, Oo A, Kendall J, Desmond M, Mills K.

Circulation 2013 128 (15) 1602-1611.

Type A aortic Dissection after nonaortic cardiac surgery.

Stanger O, Schachner T, Gahl B, Oberwalder P, Englberger L, Thalmann M, Harrington D, Wiedemann D, Südkamp M, Sheppard MN, Field M, Rylski B, Petrou M, Carrel T, Bonatti J, Pepper J.

Published Books


Mechanical Properties of Aging Soft Tissues.

Discusses the structure and mechanics of aging soft tissues, encompassing a range of tissues including skin, tendons, vasculature and plantar soft tissues


About the book

Exploring the structure and mechanics of aging soft tissues, this edited volume presents authoritative reviews from leading experts on a range of tissues including skin, tendons, vasculature and plantar soft tissues. It provides an overview of in vivo and in vitro measurement techniques including state-of-the-art methodologies, as well as focusing on the structural changes that occur within the main components of these tissues resulting in detrimental mechanical property changes. It also highlights the current challenges of this field, and offers an insight into future developments.

Age-related changes in the mechanical properties of soft tissues have a profound effect on human morbidity and mortality, and with changing global demographics, there is growing interest in this area. There has been increasing interest in robustly characterizing these mechanical changes to develop structure-property relationships, and growing awareness of the need for enhanced predictive models for computational simulations. This book seeks to address the challenges involved in applying these engineering techniques to reliably characterize these tissues.

Focusing on a wide range of tissues and presenting cutting-edge techniques, this book provides an invaluable reference to academics and researchers in a range of disciplines including bio-mechanics, materials science, tissue engineering, life sciences and biomedicine.

About the authors

Dr Riaz Akhtar is a lecturer in Biomedical Engineering at University of Liverpool. His research focuses on the micromechanical behavior of biological tissues, in particular relating mechanical changes with age and disease. Dr Akhtar has a Ph.D in the micromechanical behavior of bone and for a number of years has focused on using novel techniques to characterize soft tissues such as blood vessels and skin. He held a British Heart Foundation research fellowship which addressed clinically relevant cardiovascular problems such as age-related vascular stiffening using materials science tools and techniques.

Professor Brian Derby is a Professor of Materials Science at The University of Manchester. He has led a number of large research programs focused on the mechanical properties of aging tissues including a £1 million grant as part of the major, cross-council initiative supporting multi-disciplinary Lifelong Health and Wellbeing Initiative. His work has pioneered new methods for accurately characterizing the mechanical properties of soft tissues with techniques such as scanning acoustic microscopy and nanoindentation. He is the editor of the Springer ‘Engineering Materials and Processes’ series.
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